Table 1-1
Unemployment Insurance Eligibility,by Type of Determination and Outcome,
United States,fiscal year 1998
(figures in thousands)

Monetary Determinations
             Initial and transitional claims 10,606
                     Sufficient wage credits 9,401
                     Insufficient wage credits 1,204
             Proportion with insufficient wage credits 0.114
Separation Determinations
             Initial and reopened claims 15,470
                     No Issue 12,063
                     Issue/adjudicated 3,407
                              Approved 1,550
                              Denied 1,857
             Proportion of initial and reopened claims adjudicated 0.220
             Proportion of adjudicated claims denied 0.545
             Proportion of initial and reopened claims denied 0.120
Nonseparations Determinations
             Total claimant contacts 131,614
                     Week paid/no issue 127,282
                     Issue/adjudicated 4,332
                              Approved 1,969
                              Denied 2,363
             Proportion of claimant contacts adjudicated 0.033
             Proportion of adjudicated contacts denied 0.545
             Proportion of claimant contacts denied 0.018
































Sources:ETA 218 (monetary determinations);ETA 207 (separation and nonseparation determinations).





Table 1-5
Summary of Denial Case Error Rates by Type,1987 Denials Pilot Project
(percentage erroneous denials)

  Before Appeal or
Redetermination (%)		 After Appeal or
Redetermination (%)
Type of Denial Average 5-State Range Average 5-State Range
Monetary 23 $13,424.000 16 $12,236.000
Separation 15 $37,770.000 9 $37,677.000
Nonseparation 14 $37,825.000 11 $37,793.000









Source:Belle and Casey 1988,Table 3.





Table 1-6
Erroneous Denials for which Agency Was Responsible,by Type,
1987 Denials Pilot Project
(percentage of errors for which agency was responsible)

Type of Denial Average (%) 5-State Range (%)
Monetary 27 20-33
Separation 73 47-100
Nonseparation 71 48-93







Source:Belle and Casey 1988,Tables J.1 -J.5.





Table 1-7
Agency Actions in Erroneous Denials,by Type,1987 Denials Pilot Project
(percentage of erroneous denials for which each action taken,5-state average with 5-
state range in parentheses)

Agency Action Monetary
Average (range)		 Separation
Average (range)		 Nonseparation
Average (range)
Issue undetectable with
existing procedures		 25 (12-43) 22 (0-54) 28 (0-62)
Already resolving 55 (29-82) 31 (17-41) 23 (8-33)
Took wrong action 4 (0-10) 32 (22-53) 29 (15-61)
Insuffficient follow-through 10 (0-27) 7 (0-14) 12 (0-47)
Issue not detected –
procedures not used		 6 (0-16) 7 (3-12) 9 (5-15)


Source:Belle and Casey 1988,Table 4.





Table 2-1
General Characteristics of States Participating in the DCA Pilot Project,1997

Characteristic Nebraska New Jersey South Carolina West Virginia Wisconsin
Population
(thousands)		 1,665 8,053 3,760 1,816 5,170
Labor force
(thousands)		906 4,194 1,913 805 2,928
Percentage growth
(1990-97)		 5.0% 3.9% 7.9% 1.2% 5.7%
Land area
(square miles)		76,878 7,491 30,111 24,087 54,314
Population
per square mile		21.3 1,070.9 122.0 75.9 94.3
Average annual pay $23,291 $35,928 $24,093 $24,075 $26,021
Unemployment rate 2.6% 5.1% 4.5% 6.9% 3.7%

















Sources:U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics and Statistical Abstract of the United States.
Notes:The unemployment rate in 1997 for the United States was 4.9%.The U.S.population grew by
7.6%between 1990 and 1997).



Table 2-2
UI Eligibility Criteria in States Participating in the DCA Pilot Project,1997

Eligibility Criteria Nebraska   New Jersey South Carolina West Virginia Wisconsin
Monetary
    Formula Flat   20 weeks 1.5 x HQ Flat 30 x WBA
    Minimum earnings $1,200   $2,020 $900 $2,200 $1,590
    Distribution
        requirement		 >$400 outside HQ   2Q 2Q 2Q 8 x WBA outside HQ
    Seasonal
        restriction		 no   no no yes yes
Separation
    Voluntary leaving:
        Good cause restricted
                to work-related issues		 no   yes no yes yes
        Number of inclusions 0   0 0 2 4
        Disqualification
                period		 7-10
weeks		   Duration Duration Duration Duration
        Earnings to
                requalify		 --   6 WBA 8 WBA 30 days 4 WBA
    Misconduct:
        Disqualification
                period (weeks)		 7-10 weeks   5 5-26 6 7
        Earnings to
                requalify		 --   -- -- -- 14 x WBA
        Benefits reduced yes   no yes yes yes
        Added penalty
                for gross misconduct		 yes   yes yes yes no
Nonseparation
    Able and available for:
        any work yes   yes no no yes
        Suitable work no   no no no no
        Usual work no   no yes yes no
    Refusing suitable work:
        Disqualification
                period		 7-10 weeks   3 weeks Duration 4 weeks Duration
        Benefits reduced yes   no no yes no



Note:See section 2.3 for discussion. Sources:U.S.Department of Labor,Comparison of State Unemployment Insurance Laws (1997); Advisory Council on Unemployment Insurance (1995,Chapters 7 and 8 ),Nicholson (1997),Anderson (1997),and the laws of each of the five pilot states.





Table 3-1
Informal or "Counter"Monetary Denials and Formal Monetary Denials of
Unemployment Insurance Benefits,West Virginia,by Week,April and May 1998

Week Ending Counter Denials Formal Monetary Denials
April 4 61 45
April 10 105 107
April 17 103 67
April 24 92 60
May 1 62 55
May 8 82 54
May 15 75 51
May 12 83 55
May 29 89 57
Nine-week Total 752 551

Source:West Virgina Bureau of Employment Programs.





Table 4-1
Denial Case Error Rates by State and Type
(percentage erroneous denials with frequencies in parentheses)

State Monetary Separation Nonseparation
Nebraska 10.1
(20/198) 		4.0
(8/200)		 14.0
(28/200)
New Jersey 12.6
(23/182)		 11.3
(22/195)		 14.4
(28/195)
South Carolina 23.4
(45/192)		 5.0
(10/200)		 18.5
(37/200)
West Virginia 15.1
(19/126)		 3.4
(7/208)		 6.8
(14/206)
Wisconsin 18.2
(37/203)		 19.7
(40/203)		 21.7
(44/203)
All Five Pilot States 16.0
(144/901)		 8.7
(87/1,006)		 15.0
(151/1,004)
















Source:Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September 1998.Missing cases excluded.





Table 4-2
Accuracy of Monetary Denials, by State and Reason for Denial
(frequencies with row percentages in parentheses)

A. All five pilot states
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Sufficient wages/hours/weeks/days 0 (0) 3 (100) 3 (100)
   Insufficient wages 98 (14) 585 (68) 683 (100)
   Insufficient hours/weeks/days 1 (100) 0 (0) 1 (100)
   Failure of high quarter wage test 26 (17) 125 (83) 151 (100)
   Failed transitional work requirement 12 (27) 32 (73) 44 (100)
   Other 7 (37) 12 (63) 19 (100)
   Total 144 (16) 757 (84) 901 (100)
    
B. Nebraska
Reason                                               improper proper Total
   Insufficient wages 19 (10) 173 (90) 192 (100)
   Insufficient hours/weeks/days 1 (100) 0 (0) 1 (100)
   Other 0 (0) 5 (100) 5 (100)
   Total 20 (10) 178 (90) 198 (100)
    
C. New Jersey
Reason                                               improper proper Total
   Sufficient wages/hours/weeks/days 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
   Insufficient wages 21 (12) 154 (88) 175 (100)
   Failed transitional work requirement 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
   Other 2 (67) 1 (33) 3 (100)
   Total 23 (13) 159 (87) 182 (100)
    
D. South Carolina
Reason                                               improper proper Total
   Insufficient wages 22 (22) 78 (78) 100 (100)
   Failure of high quarter wage test 22 (25) 66 (75) 88 (100)
   Failed transitional work requirement 0 (0) 1 (100) 1 (100)
   Other 1 (33) 2 (67) 3 (100)
   Total 45 (23) 147 (77) 192 (100)
    
E. West Virginia
Reason                                               improper proper Total
   Sufficient wages/hours/weeks/days 0 (0) 1 (100) 1 (100)
   Insufficient wages 19 (18) 89 (82) 108 (100)
   Failure of high quarter wage test 0 (0) 1 (100) 1 (100)
   Failed transitional work requirement 0 (0) 15 (100) 15 (100)
   Other 0 (0) 1 (100) 1 (100)
   Total 19 (15) 107 (85) 126 (100)
 
    
F. Wisconsin
Reason                                               improper proper Total
   Insufficient wages 17 (16) 91 (84) 108 (100)
   Failure of high quarter wage test 4 (6) 58 (94) 62 (100)
   Failed transitional work requirement 12 (46) 14 (54) 26 (100)
   Other 4 (57) 3 (43) 7 (100)
   Total 37 (18) 166 (82) 203 (100)



































































Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September
1998.





Table 4-3
Accuracy of Separation Denials, by State and Reason for Denial
(frequencies with row percentages in parentheses)

A. All five pilot states
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   No separation issue 1 (100) 0 (00) 1 (100)
   Lack of work 1 (33) 2 (67) 3 (100)
   Voluntary quit 56 (9) 548 (91) 604 (100)
   Discharge 26 (7) 362 (93) 388 (100)
   Not separated (e.g., job attached,
      leave of absence)		 3 (30) 7 (70) 10 (100)
   Total 87 (9) 919 (91) 1006 (100)
       
B. Nebraska
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Lack of work 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
   Voluntary quit 7 (5) 143 (95) 150 (100)
   Discharge 1 (2) 47 (98) 48 (100)
   Total 8 (4) 192 (96) 200 (100)
       
C. New Jersey
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   No separation issue 1 (100) 0 (00) 1 (100)
   Lack of work 1 (100) 0 (00) 1 (100)
   Voluntary quit 12 (11) 100 (89) 112 (100)
   Discharge 7 (9) 69 (91) 76 (100)
   Not separated (e.g., job attached,
      leave of absence)		 1 (20) 4 (80) 5 (100)
   Total 22 (1) 173 (89) 195 (100)
       
D. South Carolina
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Voluntary quit 5 (6) 77 (94) 82 (100)
   Discharge 5 (4) 113 (96) 118 (100)
   Total 10 (5) 190 (95) 200 (100)
       
E. West Virginia
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Voluntary quit 4 (3) 119 (97) 123 (100)
   Discharge 3 (4) 82 (96) 85 (100)
   Total 7 (3) 201 (97) 208 (100)
       
F. Wisconsin
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Voluntary quit 28 (20) 109 (80) 137 (100)
   Discharge 10 (16) 51 (84) 61 (100)
   Not separated (e.g., job attached,
      leave of absence)		 2 (40) 3 (60) 5 (100)
   Total 40 (20) 163 (80) 203 (100)





























































Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September 1998.





Table 4-4
Accuracy of Nonseparation Denials by State and Reason for Denial
(frequencies with row percentages in parentheses)

A. All five pilot states
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   No nonseparation issue 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
   Able issue 12 (10) 108 (90) 120 (100)
   Available issue 37 (16) 199 (84) 236 (100)
   Work search issue 7 (10) 64 (90) 71 (100)
   Disqualifying/unreported income 46 (25) 139 (75) 185 (100)
   Refusal of work 3 (17) 15 (83) 18 (100)
   Reporting/registration violation 36 (12) 263 (88) 299 (100)
   Other 10 (14) 63 (86) 73 (100)
   Total 151 (15) 853 (85) 1004 (100)
B. Nebraska
       
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   No nonseparation issue 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
   Able issue 1 (9) 10 (91) 11 (100)
   Available issue 2 (13) 13 (87) 15 (100)
   Work search issue 0 (0) 10 (100) 10 (100)
   Disqualifying/unreported income 18 (27) 47 (72) 65 (100)
   Reporting/registration violation 5 (6) 78 (94) 83 (100)
   Other 2 (14) 12 (86) 14 (100)
   Total 28 (14) 172 (86) 200 (100)
C. New Jersey
       
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Able issue 2 (6) 29 (94) 31 (100)
   Available issue 9 (12) 65 (88) 74 (100)
   Work search issue 0 (0) 5 (100) 5 (100)
   Disqualifying/unreported income 1 (100) 0 (0) 1 (100)
   Refusal of work 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
   Reporting/registration violation 14 (19) 61 (81) 75 (100)
   Other 2 (29) 5 (71) 7 (100)
   Total 28 (14) 167 (86) 195 (100)
D. South Carolina
       
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Able issue 4 (9) 40 (91) 42 (100)
   Available issue 4 (11) 33 (89) 37 (100)
   Work search issue 5 (17) 24 (83) 29 (100)
   Disqualifying/unreported income 15 (36) 27 (64) 42 (100)
   Refusal of work 1 (20) 4 (80) 5 (100)
   Reporting/registration violation 6 (16) 31 (84) 37 (100)
   Other 2 (33) 4 (67) 6 (100)
   Total 37 (19) 163 (82) 200 (100)
E. West Virginia
       
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Able issue 1 (6) 17 (94) 18 (100)
   Available issue 3 (5) 53 (95) 56 (100)
   Work search issue 1 (8) 11 (92) 12 (100)
   Disqualifying/unreported income 2 (6) 30 (94) 32 (100)
   Refusal of work 1 (11) 8 (89) 9 (100)
   Reporting/registration violation 5 (9) 53 (91) 58 (100)
   Other 1 (5) 20 (95) 21 (100)
   Total 14 (7) 192 (93) 206 (100)
F. Wisconsin
       
Reason                                                 improper proper Total
   Able issue 4 (25) 12 (75) 16 (100)
   Available issue 19 (35) 35 (65) 54 (100)
   Work search issue 1 (7) 14 (93) 15 (100)
   Disqualifying/unreported income 10 (22) 35 (78) 45 (100)
   Refusal of work 1 (50) 1 (50) 2 (100)
   Reporting/registration violation 6 (13) 40 (87) 46 (100)
   Other 3 (12) 22 (88) 25 (100)
   Total 44 (22) 159 (78) 203 (100)
























































































Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September 1998.





Table 4-10A
Monetary Denial Case Error Rates, Unadjusted and Adjusted for Appeals,
Redeterminations, and Agency Resolution of Issues, by State
(percentage erroneous denials with frequencies in parentheses)

             Error Rate Adjusted for:           
  (1) (2) (3) (4)
State Error rate
unadjusted		 Appeals & re-
determinations		 Agency
resolution		 All factors
Nebraska 10 10 10 10
  (20/198) (20/198) (19/198) (19/198)
New Jersey 13 13 8 $8.200
  (23/182) (23/182) (15/182) (15/182)
South Carolina 23 23 16 16
  (45/198) (45/198) (31/192) (31/192)
West Virginia 15 15 14 14
  (19/126) (19/126) (17/126) (17/126)
Wisconsin 18 18 9 9
  (37/203) (37/203) (19/203) (19/203)
All Five Pilot States 16 16 11 11
  (144/901) (144/901) (101/901) (101/901)






















Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September 1998. Missing cases excluded.





Table 4-10B
Separation Denial Case Error Rates, Unadjusted and Adjusted for Appeals,
Redeterminations, and Agency Resolution of Issues, by State
(percentage erroneous denials with frequencies in parentheses)

             Error Rate Adjusted for:           
  (1) (2) (3) (4)
State Error rate
unadjusted		 Appeals & re-
determinations		 Agency
resolution		 All factors
Nebraska 4 4 4 4
  (8/200) (7/200) (8/200) (7/200)
New Jersey 11 7 10 $6.200
  (22/195) (14/195) (19/195) (12/195)
South Carolina 05 3 4 3
  (10/200) (6/200) (8/200) (6/200)
West Virginia 3 3 3 3
  (7/208) (6/208) (7/208) (6/208)
Wisconsin 20 17 19 16
  (40/203) (35/203) (38/203) (33/203)
All Five Pilot States 09 7 8 6
  (87/1,006) (68/1,006) (80/1,006) (64/1,006)






















Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September 1998. Missing cases excluded.





Table 4-10C
Nonseparation Denial Case Error Rates, Unadjusted and Adjusted for Appeals,
Redeterminations, and Agency Resolution of Issues, by State
(percentage erroneous denials with frequencies in parentheses)

             Error Rate Adjusted for:           
  (1) (2) (3) (4)
State Error rate
unadjusted		 Appeals & re-
determinations		 Agency
resolution		 All factors
Nebraska 14 14 14 14
  (28/200) (28/200) (27/200) (27/200)
New Jersey 14 12 14 $11.800
  (28/195) (24/195) (27/195) (23/195)
South Carolina 19 18 18 17
  (37/200) (36/200) (35/200) (34/200)
West Virginia 7 6 6 6
  (14/206) (13/206) (13/206) (12/206)
Wisconsin 22 20 18 16
  (44/203) (41/203) (36/203) (33/203)
All Five Pilot States 15 14 14 13
  (151/1,004) (142/1,004) (138/1,004) (129/1,004)






















Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records for September 1997 through September 1998. Missing cases excluded.





Table 4-11
Combined Wage Claims and Denial Case Error Rates,
by Type of Investigation and State

  Number
of Cases		 Percent
CWC		 Error Rate (percent)
CWC Non-CWC
Monetary Investigations
   Nebraska 198 5.6 36.4 9
   New Jersey 182 0 -- 12.6
   South Carolina 192 2.1 25.0 23.4
   West Virginia 126 13.5 76.5 5.5
   Wisconsin 203 4.4 11.1 18.7
   All Five Pilot States 901 4.6 46.3 14.5
Separation Investigations
   Nebraska 200 4.5 0.0 4.2
   New Jersey 195 3.6 14.3 11.2
   South Carolina 200 3.5 14.3 4.7
   West Virginia 208 8.7 0.0 3.7
   Wisconsin 203 2.0 25.0 19.6
   All Five Pilot States 1,006 4.4 6.7 8.7
Nonseparation Investigations
   Nebraska 200 1.5 0.0 14.2
   New Jersey 195 3.6 14.3 14.4
   South Carolina 200 2.0 25.0 18.4
   West Virginia 206 5.3 0.0 7.2
   Wisconsin 203 1.0 0.0 21.9
   All Five Pilot States 1,004 2.7 7.4 15.3
































Source: Tabulations of variables for Combined Wage Claims in DCA subsystem data base.





Table 4-12
Response Rates and Methods Used to Obtain Information in DCA Investigations,
by Type of Investigation and State

        Method Used to Obtain information      
  In-person Telephone Mail Nonresponse
Monetary Investigations
   Nebraska 4.0 48.0 12.6 35.4
   New Jersey 7.7 13.7 21.4 57.1
   South Carolina 46.9 50.0 0.5 2.6
   West Virginia 0.8 31.0 46.8 21.4
   Wisconsin 51.2 19.2 6.9 22.7
Separation Investigations
   Nebraska 8.0 55.0 13.5 23.5
   New Jersey 28.2 31.8 18.5 21.5
   South Carolina 67.0 30.0 0.0 3.0
   West Virginia 2.9 31.7 42.3 23.1
   Wisconsin 48.8 17.7 7.4 26.1
Nonseparation Investigations
   Nebraska 3.0 61.0 15.5 20.5
   New Jersey 20.0 26.7 21.5 31.8
   South Carolina 62.0 36.5 0.0 1.5
   West Virginia 3.9 17.5 61.2 17.5
   Wisconsin 51.2 23.2 8.4 17.2




























Source: Tabulations of variable for "primary method claimant information obtained" in DCA subsystem data base.





Table 4-13
Denial Case Error Rates by Whether Information Was Obtained from the Claimant,
Type of Investigation and State
(Error rates in percent with frequencies in parentheses)

  Information Obtained No response
Monetary Investigations
   Nebraska 10.9
(14/128)		 8.6
(6/70)
   New Jersey 18.0
(14/78)		 8.6
(9/104)
   South Carolina 24.1
(45/187)		 0.0
(0/5)
   West Virginia 15.2
(15/99)		 14.8
(4/27)
   Wisconsin 22.3
(35/157)		 4.4
(2/46)
Separation Investigations
   Nebraska 5.2
(8/153)		 0.0
(0/47)
   New Jersey 11.8
(18/153)		 9.5
(4/42)
   South Carolina 5.2
(10/194)		 0.0
(0/6)
   West Virginia 4.4
(7/160)		 0.0
(0/48)
   Wisconsin 20.7
(31/150)		 17.0
(9/53)
Nonseparation Investigations
   Nebraska 15.1
(24/159)		 9.8
(4/41)
   New Jersey 17.3
(23/133)		 8.1
(5/62)
   South Carolina 18.8
(37/197)		 0.0
(0/3)
   West Virginia 7.1
(12/170)		 5.6
(2/36)
   Wisconsin 20.8
(35/168)		 25.7
(9/35)









































Source: Tabulations of variable for "primary method claimant information obtained" and "action flag"in DCA subsystem data base.





Table 4-14
Crosstabulations of Separation Denial Accuracy by Modified QPI Pass/Fail
(frequencies with row percentages in parentheses)

A. All five pilot states
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 54 (67) 27 (33) 81 (100)
Proper denial 233 (28) 603 (72) 836 (100)
Total 287 (31) 630 (69) 917 (100)
B. Nebraska
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 7 (88) 1 (13) 8 (100)
Proper denial 48 (25) 141 (75) 189 (100)
Total 55 (28) 142 (72) 197 (100)
C. New Jersey
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 19 (95) 1 (5) 20 (100)
Proper denial 100 (59) 69 (41) 169 (100)
Total 119 (63) 70 (37) 189 (100)
D. South Carolina
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 5 (50) 5 (50) 10 (100)
Proper denial 24 (13) 166 (87) 190 (100)
Total 29 (15) 171 (86) 200 (100)
E. West Virginia
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 2 (40) 3 (60) 5 (100)
Proper denial 22 (18) 103 (82) 125 (100)
Total 24 (18) 106 (82) 130 (100)
F. Wisconsin
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 21 (55) 17 (45) 38 (100)
Proper denial 39 (24) 124 (76) 163 (100)
Total 60 (30) 141 (70) 201 (100)

















































Source: Tabulated from Denied Claims Accuracy Pilot records.





Table 4-15
Crosstabulations of Nonseparation Denial Accuracy by Modified QPI Pass/Fail
(frequencies with row percentages)

A. All five pilot states
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 78 (55) 65 (45) 143 (100)
Proper denial 161 (21) 607 (79) 768 (100)
Total 239 (26) 672 (74) 911 (100)
B. Nebraska
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 20 (80) 5 (20) 25 (100)
Proper denial 29 (17) 139 (83) 168 (100)
Total 49 (25) 144 (75) 193 (100)
C. New Jersey
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 20 (71) 8 (29) 28 (100)
Proper denial 50 (30) 114 (70) 164 (100)
Total 70 (36) 122 (64) 192 (100)
D. South Carolina
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 16 (43) 21 (57) 37 (100)
Proper denial 35 (21) 128 (79) 163 (100)
Total 51 (26) 149 (75) 200 (100)
E. West Virginia
    QPI score
DCA finding fail pass Total
Improper denial 3 (27) 8 (73) 11 (100)
Proper denial 21 (18)